Sant'Adriano al Foro was a

church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Chris ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, formerly in the

Curia Julia The Curia Julia ( la, Curia Iulia, links=no, it, Curia Iulia, links=no) is the third named ''curia'', or senate house, in the ancient city of Rome. It was built in 44 BC, when Julius Caesar replaced Faustus Cornelius Sulla's reconstructed Curia ...

in the '' Forum Romanum'' and a cardinal-deaconry (a

titular church In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary de ...

for a

Cardinal-deacon A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

The church

Curia Iulia - s Adriano resti di affreschi P1190151

The Church of Sant'Adriano al Foro (Italian for St. (H)Adrian at the Roman Forum) was a conversion of the

, which had housed the Senate of Ancient Rome, by

Pope Honorius I Pope Honorius I (died 12 October 638) was the bishop of Rome from 27 October 625 to his death. He was active in spreading Christianity among Anglo-Saxons and attempted to convince the Celts to calculate Easter in the Roman fashion. He is chiefl ...

in 630. The end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh century mark for Rome a period of profound decay. The curia had been abandoned until Honorius decided to erect the church. Its name refers to the martyr

Adrian of Nicomedia Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian ( el, Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Chr ...

. Paintings are still visible in a side chapel which depict scenes from the life of St. Adrian; there are also some Byzantine paintings. It was designated by

Pope Sergius I Pope Sergius I (8 September 701) was the bishop of Rome from 15 December 687 to his death, and is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected at a time when two rivals, Paschal and Theodore, were locked in dispute about wh ...

(687-701) as the starting point for the

litanies Litany, in Christian worship and some forms of Judaic worship, is a form of prayer used in services and processions, and consisting of a number of petitions. The word comes through Latin ''litania'' from Ancient Greek λιτανεία (''litan ...

during certain the procession liturgical feasts of the Virgin Mary, Presentation in the Temple, Annunciation, Assumption and Nativity.

Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...

made substantial changes to the building in 1228. In the 17th century its large bronze doors were moved by order of

Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667. He began his career as a vice- papal legate, an ...

to adorn the main portal of the

Basilica of St. John Lateran The Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the Lateran ( it, Arcibasilica del Santissimo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano), also known as the Papa ...

.Lorizzo, Paul. "The Ancient Center of Roman Power", ''Zenit'', May 19 2012
/ref>

Reconstruction as Curia Julia

Its structure was modified multiple times before it was deconsecrated in the 1930s to recover the ancient structure of the building. On either side of the entrance are niches corresponding to medieval burials. The painting of the Holy Family, a product of the school of Raphael, was moved to the modern Church of Santa Maria della Mercede (1958), and the dedication to Saint Adrian added to that church.

Cardinal deaconry

It was established in 734 as Cardinal Deaconry of S. Adriano al Foro On 25 January 1946, the title was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Paolo alla Regola.

Cardinal deacons

The following

Cardinals Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

have been

Cardinal deacon A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

s of the Deaconry,Conradus Eubel, ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi'' II, editio altera (Monasterii 1914), p. 66 (1385-1503). except in special circumstances, which are noted by italics. * Blessed

Berardo dei Marsi Blessed Berardo dei Marsi (1079 – 3 November 1130) was a Catholic Italian cardinal. He was proclaimed Blessed in 1802 as he was deemed to be holy and that miracles were performed through his intercession. Biography Berardo dei Marsi was born in ...

(1099 – 1100) * Matthaeus ( - 1127/1128) (promoted to Cardinal Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli) * Pierre (1127.12 – 1130), later

Pseudocardinal Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Ch ...

Priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particu ...

of S. Eusebio (1130 – death 1130?) * Guido (1130 – 1138?) * ''Germano (1130.03.29 – ?),

pseudocardinal Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Ch ...

created by

Antipope Anacletus II Anacletus II (died January 25, 1138), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an antipope who ruled in opposition to Pope Innocent II from 1130 until his death in 1138. After the death of Pope Honorius II, the college of cardinals was divided over his succ ...

'' * Ubaldo Aucingoli (1138 – May 1141), appointed Cardinal-priest of

Santa Prassede The Basilica of Saint Praxedes ( la, Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, it, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval titular church and minor basilica located near the papal basilic ...

* Gilberto hilibertus(1141 – 1143.12.17) * Giovanni Paparoni (1143.12.17 – 1151.03.02) *

Alberto di Morra Pope Gregory VIII ( la, Gregorius VIII; c. 1100/1105 – 17 December 1187), born Alberto di Morra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for two months in 1187. Becoming Pope after a long diplomatic career as Aposto ...

(1155.12 – 1158), later Pope Gregory VIII *

Cinzio Papareschi ''Gli Innamorati'' (, meaning "The Lovers") were stock characters within the theatre style known as commedia dell'arte, who appeared in 16th century Italy. In the plays, everything revolved around the Lovers in some regard. These dramatic and pos ...

(1158.02 – 1178.09) * Eutichio (1178.09.22 – 1178?) * Rainier (1178.09.22 – 1182.08) * Gerardo (1182 – 1208) * Angelo (1212.02.18 – 1215.11.29) *

Stefano de Normandis dei Conti Stefano is the Italian form of the masculine given name Στέφανος (Stefanos, Stephen). The name is of Greek origin, Στέφανος, meaning a person who made a significant achievement and has been crowned. In Orthodox Christianity the ach ...

(1216 – 1228) * Goffredo da Trani (1244.05.28 – 1245) * Ottobono de Fieschi (1251.12 – 1276.07.11), later Pope Adrian V *

Napoleone Orsini Napoleone Orsini (c. 1420 – September 1480) was an Italian condottiero. The son of Orso Orsini of Bracciano, he fought for Pope Eugene IV against Francesco Sforza in 1443. Later, in the 1450s, he flanked Ferdinand of Aragon in the strugg ...

(1288.05.16 – 1342.03.23) *

Rinaldo Orsini Rinaldo Orsini (died 1450) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Orsini family. He was the son of Jacopo Orsini. In 1426 he fought for the Pope against the Colonna family. In 1442 he was hired by the Republic of Siena, and in 1445 he beca ...

(1350.12.17 – 1374.06.06) * Gentile di Sangro (1378.09.18 – 1385.12) *

Ludovico Fieschi Ludovico Fieschi (died 3 April 1423) was a cardinal during the Western Schism. Life Fieschi came from Genoa, from the family of the counts of Lavagna, a family from which the 13th-century Pope Adrian V and some other cardinals came. On 29 March 1 ...

(1385.01 – 1423.04.03) * ''

Bonifacio Ammannati Bonifacio may refer to: Places * Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud, a town in Corsica, France * Strait of Bonifacio, separating Corsica from Sardinia * Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the Philippines * Bonifacio Global City, a central bu ...

(1397.12.21 – death 1399.07.19), pseudo-cardinal created by

Antipope Benedict XIII Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman who, as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope (see Western Schism) by the Catholic Church ...

'' *

Hugues de Lusignan Hugh Lancelot of Lusignan or Hugues or Hughues Lancelot de Lusignan (died August 1442) was a Frankish Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal, often known as the Cardinal of Cyprus. He was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem 1424, and Archbishop of Nicosia. He w ...

(1426.05.27 – 1431.03.11) * Stefano Nardini (1473.05.07 – 1476), Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Giovanni d’Aragona (1477.12.12 – 1480.01.14); promoted Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' (1480.01.14 – 1483.09.10) * Cardinal

Giovanni Conti Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * '' Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend ...

(1485.10.18 – 1489.03.09 ''in commendam'', while

Cardinal-Priest A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo Santi Nereo ed Achilleo is a fourth-century basilica church in Rome, Italy, located in via delle Terme di Caracalla in the rione Celio facing the main entrance to the Baths of Caracalla. It has been the titular church of Cardinal Celestino Aós ...

(1483.11.15 – 1489.03.09) *

Pierre d'Aubusson Pierre d'Aubusson (1423 – 3 July 1503) was a Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, and a zealous opponent of the Ottoman Empire. Pierre probably joined the Knights of Saint John in 1444 or 1445, and then left for Rhodes. Ear ...

(1489.03.23 – 1503.07.03) *

François Guillaume de Castelnau de Clermont-Lodève François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King o ...

(1503.12.06 – 1509.05.02), ''in commendam'' (1509.05.02 – 1511.03.17) * Bandinello Sauli (1511.03.17 – 1511.10.24) *

Agostino Trivulzio Agostino Trivulzio (c. 1485–1548) was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from a noble family in Milan, the eighth child of Giovanni Trivulzio di Borgomanero, a Councillor of the Dukes of Milan, and Angela (or Agnolina, or Anna) Marti ...

(1517.07.06 – 1537.08.17); ''in commendam'' 1537.08.17 – 1537.09.06 while transferred as Cardinal-Deacon of

S. Eustachio Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, named for the martyr Saint Eustace. It is located on Via di Sant'Eustachio in the Sant'Eustachio (rione of Rome), rione Sant'Eustachio, a block west of the Pantheon, ...

(1537.08.17 – 1537.09.06), finally again Cardinal-Deacon of S. Adriano al Foro (1537.09.06 – 1548.03.30) *

Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay (1492 – 16 February 1560) was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, member of the ''Conseil privé'' ( ...

(1548.04.09 – 1549.02.25, Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Odet de Coligny de Châtillon (1549.02.25 – 1563.03.31), became a Protestant, and gave up the Cardinalate and his Deaconry. * Innico d’Avalos d’ Aragona, Military Order of Saint James the Sword (O.S.), (1563.07.30 – 1565.01.19); promoted Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' (1480.01.14 – 1483.09.10) *

Fulvio Giulio della Corgna Fulvio Giulio della Corgna (also Della Cornia, Della Corgnia) (19 November 1517 – 2 March 1583) was a Tuscan Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Fulvio Giulio della Corgna was born in Perugia on 19 November 1517, the son of Francia della ...

, (O.B.E.) (1567.03.03 – 1574.05.05, Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Prospero Santacroce (1574.05.05 – 1583.03.04), Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Andrzej Báthory (1584.07.23 – 1587.01.07) *

Girolamo Mattei Girolamo Mattei (8 February 1547 – 8 December 1603) was an Italian Cardinal from the House of Mattei. Biography Mattei was born 8 February 1547, the son of Alessandro Mattei and Emilia Mazzatosta. He was the younger brother of Ciriaco Mattei ...

(1587.01.14 – 1587.04.20) *

Agostino Cusani Agostino Cusani (1542–1598) was a Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' E ...

(1589.01.09 – 1591.01.14) *

Odoardo Farnese Odoardo Farnese (28 April 1612 – 11 September 1646), also known as Odoardo I Farnese to distinguish him from his grandson Odoardo II Farnese, was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1622 to 1646. Biography Odoardo was the eldest legit ...

(1591.11.20 – 1595.06.12) *

Francesco Mantica Francesco Mantica (1534–1614) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography He was born in Udine, and studied canon law at the University of Padua The University of Padua ( it, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university loca ...

(1596.06.21 – 1597.01.24) *

Giovanni Battista Deti Giovanni Battista Deti (1580–1630) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 24 Jun 1623, he was consecrated bishop by Ottavio Bandini, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina, with Alfonso Gonzaga, Titular Archbishop of ''Rhodus'', and Federico Bal ...

(1599.03.17 – 1599.12.15) *

Alessandro d'Este Alessandro d'Este (1568–1624) was a Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' E ...

(1600.04.17 – 1600.11.15) * Giovanni Doria (1605.12.05 – 1623.10.02) *

Louis de Nogaret de La Valette Louis de Nogaret de La Valette (8 February 1593, in Angoulême – 28 September 1639, in Rivoli) was a Roman Catholic cardinal and lieutenant general in the French Army. Louis was the third son of Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette (1554–164 ...

(1623.11.20 – 1639.09.27) * Achille d’Estampes de Valençay (1644.05.02 – 1646.06.27) *

Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Early life Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and Pacifica Feliziani. His father was the b ...

(1647.12.16 – 1653.05.05) *

Decio Azzolini Decio Azzolino (11 April 1623 – 8 June 1689) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, code-breaker, investigator and leader of the Squadrone Volante. Early life Azzolino was born at Fermo, the son of Pompeo Azzolino and Giulia Ruffo. He was the gre ...

(1654.03.23 – 1668.03.12) * Carlo Cerri (1670.05.19 – 1690.05.14) *

Giovanni Francesco Albani Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

(1690.05.22 – 1700.03.30) (later Pope Clement XI) *

Pietro Priuli Pietro Priuli (1669–1728) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 1 Jul 1708, he was consecrated bishop by Pope Clement XI, with Bandino Panciatici, Cardinal-Priest of San Pancrazio, and Ferdinando d'Adda, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Balbin ...

(1706.06.25 – 1720.05.06) *

Alessandro Albani Alessandro Albani (15 October 1692 – 11 December 1779) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, but should be best remembered as a leading collector of antiquities, dealer and art patron in Rome. He supported the art historian, Johann Joachim Winckelmann ...

(1721.09.24 – 1722.09.23) *

Giulio Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (30 May 1664 OS – 26 June NS 1752) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain. Early years He was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d'Arda in the Du ...

(1724.06.12 – 1728.09.20) *

Neri Maria Corsini Neri Maria Corsini (19 May 1685 – 6 December 1770) was an Italian nobleman and Catholic priest and cardinal. Life Born in Florence, Corsini was the second of the two sons of Filippo Corsini and Lucrezia Rinuccini. He traveled widely throug ...

(1731.01.08 – 1737.05.06) * Marcellino Corio (1739.09.30 – 1742.02.20) * Girolamo De Bardi (1743.09.23 – 1753.05.28) * Giovanni Francesco Banchieri (1753.12.10 – 1763.10.18) *

Enea Silvio Piccolomini Pope Pius II ( la, Pius PP. II, it, Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini ( la, Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus, links=no; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August ...

(1766.12.01 – 1768.11.18) *

Carlo Livizzani Forni Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to: *Carlo (name) *Monte Carlo *Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia *A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince Char ...

(1785.04.11 – 1794.02.21) * Luigi Gazzoli (1803.09.26 – 1809.01.23) * Lorenzo Prospero Bottini (1817.11.15 – 1818.08.11) * Cesare Guerrieri Gonzaga (1819.12.17 – 1832.02.05) *

Giuseppe Ugolini Giuseppe is the Italian form of the given name Joseph, from Latin Iōsēphus from Ancient Greek Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph), from Hebrew יוסף. It is the most common name in Italy and is unique (97%) to it. The feminine form of the name is Giuse ...

(1838.09.13 – 1855.12.17) *

Camillo Mazzella Camillo Mazzella (10 February 1833 – 26 March 1900) was an Italian Jesuit theologian and cardinal. Biography Mazzella was born at Vitulano, near Benevento. He and his siblings were first tutored at home. Three of his brothers entered re ...

Jesuits The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

(S.J.- (1886.06.10 – 1896.06.22) * José de Calasanz Félix Santiago Vives y Tutó, O.F.M. Cap. (1899.06.22 – 1913.09.07) *

Evaristo Lucidi Evaristo Lucidi (4 October 1866 – 31 March 1929) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as secretary of the Apostolic Signatura from 1916 to 1923, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1923. Biography Lucidi was born in ...

(1923.12.23 – 1929.03.31)

References

Bibliography

* Michele Dattoli, ''L'aula del Senato Romano e la chiesa di S. Adriano'' (Roma: Maglione & Strini, 1921). * Antonio Nibby, ''Roma nell'anno MDCCCXXXVIII: pte. I-II. Antica'' (Roma: Tipografia delle belle arti, 1839), pp. 27–32.

Sources and external links

original pictures of the exterior of the church and its conversion

original picture of the pre-1930 interior of the church {{DEFAULTSORT:Adriano Al Foro, Santo Deconsecrated Roman Catholic churches in Rome Roman Senate